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Space Power Systems

Overview

L3Harris systems currently power the International Space Station as well as the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers on Mars. They will also power Sierra Nevada’s Dream Chaser Spacecraft and NASA’s Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s moon, Titan. We are working on new systems to power future deep space missions as well as lunar and Martian surface operations.

Space Power Systems and Solutions Include:

  • Fission Surface Power Systems
  • Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) and Next Generation Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)
  • Electric Power Systems
  • Lithium-Ion Batteries

Space Power System Programs

Powering lunar surface operations
Powering lunar surface operations ...

Fission Surface Power System

Nuclear power can provide steady, reliable power to allow human and robotic  lunar and Mars surface operations regardless of environmental conditions.

L3Harris teamed with Westinghouse Government Services to design a 40 Kilowatt Fission Surface Power (FSP) system that could be demonstrated on the surface of the Moon before the end of the decade.

L3Harris is working to scale the technology to 100 Kilowatts or more depending on mission requirements. A future demonstration will pave the way for sustainable operations on the Moon as part of NASA’s Artemis program. 

The Fission Surface Power project is sponsored by NASA in collaboration with the Department of Energy and Idaho National Laboratory.

Powering Curiosity Rover and Mars Perseverance Rover
Powering the Curiosity and Perseverance Mars R...

MMRTG and Next Generation RTG

L3Harris supplied the power sources for NASA’s Curiosity rover and Perseverance rover that are currently operating on Mars, enabling them to explore the terrain and conduct experiments on the red planet.

The MMRTG is the latest in a long line of RTGs that have powered deep space missions since the 1960s. RTGs use heat from the radioactive decay of plutonium-238 to generate electrical power and to provide thermal stability for spacecraft instruments and mechanical systems. Intended to operate in a range of harsh environments, from the vacuum of deep space to extreme planetary atmospheres, the MMRTG was designed and developed by L3Harris with Teledyne Energy Systems under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy in 2002.

Powering Future Deep Space Missions

L3Harris is currently building an MMRTG that will be launched in 2028 for use on NASA’s Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s moon, Titan.

The company is also under contract to re-establish the design and manufacturing process for thermoelectrics, multi-foil insulation and balance of plant to build  a Next Generation RTG to power future deep space missions, possibly including a proposed probe to the ice giant Uranus.

Designed to operate in a vacuum, the Next Generation RTG is similar to the legacy RTGs that powered NASA robotic missions to explore Saturn and Pluto, but with increased power output and enhanced safety features.

Powering Sierra Nevada’s Dream Chaser spacecraft®
Powering Sierra Nevada’s Dream Chaser spacecra...

Electric Power Systems

L3Harris was awarded a contract from Sierra Space to supply the electric power system for the Dream Chaser, a reusable commercial spacecraft that will carry cargo to and from the International Space Station. We designed, developed, fabricated, tested and delivered the Dream Chaser’s electric high and low power systems, including power conversion, distribution units and  batteries.

The low power system will regulate power generated from Dream Chaser’s solar arrays and distribute it to the avionics, thermal and propulsion systems, as well as payloads that require electric power. The high-power system provides power to control surfaces and brakes during landing. The capacity of the low power rechargeable batteries will allow Dream Chaser to increase its free-flight time in space, as well as support the spacecraft's cargo delivery and return journey back to Earth. 

Powering the International Space Station
Powering the International Space Station ...

Lithium-Ion Batteries

L3Harris has made key contributions to the International Space Station’s 100kW Electric Power System, including solar arrays, thermal control systems, energy storage systems, primary power and regulated power.

Replacement of the existing nickel-hydrogen (NiH2) batteries with more efficient, higher power L3Harris-designed Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) battery Orbital Replacement Units began in 2017 and completed in 2020. Designed to operate for 10 years, the Li-Ion batteries provide 1.5 times the power of the previous International Space Station batteries (Li-Ion 15 kilowatts vs NiH2 7.8 kilowatts) while requiring 50% fewer battery modules (24 Li-Ion battery modules replaced 48 NiH2 battery modules). The Li-Ion batteries have incorporated safety features including voltage, temperature, current, charge balancing and cell-overcharge monitoring, making them a safe, reliable and efficient power source for the important research taking place aboard the orbiting laboratory.

Resources

  • Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Resource Thumbnail

    Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator

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